The Foucault Pendulum was conceived by Léon Foucault in the middle
of the 19th century, with the goal of proving Earth's
rotation through the effect of the Coriolis Force. In essence, the
Foucault Pendulum is a
Pendulum with a long enough damping rate such
that the precession of its plane of oscillations can be observed after
typically an hour or more. A whole revolution of the plane of
oscillation takes anywhere between a day if
it is at the pole, or longer at lower latitudes. Here is a relatively simple derivation of the precession.